Occupational Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Word related Safety - Assignment Example The most serious issue here is that the illnesses don't grow promptly however show up following a couple of long stretches of introduction. The effect of contamination at working environment on profitability has been very much examined. Studies on the effect of contamination at workplace in efficiency uncover a propensity of decrease in the monetary action (Marrewijk, 2005). Debilitated structure Syndrome (SBS) and 'Building related sickness' (BRI) offers ascend to worker grumblings, for example, migraines, discombobulation, bewilderment, weariness, ear, eye and throat disturbances. The world interest for rapid ships and LNG tanks is being met with an expansion in Aluminum welding and throwing creation. This has acquainted another wellbeing danger with the Aluminum welders and ways are being tested to ensure the welders against the Aluminum exhaust. In the U.K, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) guidelines specifies that the word related uncover limit for Aluminum smoke ought not surpass 5mgm exp 3 of air. Aluminum exhaust during welding additionally produce amounts of ozone gas, which can cause queasiness (Rabin, 1997) and obviousness. Welding is a procedure where metal or other thermoplastic materials are combined by the use of warmth or pore sure or both. Electric welding was presented in 1940s. Aluminum welding has been in noticeable quality since 1970. There are a few sorts of welding like Arc welding and Manual metal curve is a typical procedure where the laborers are presented to the exhaust. Carbon bend, Cold welding, Electron bar welding, Flux center curve welding, Gas welding, Gas metal circular segment welding, Gas tungsten curve welding, Shielded metal curve welding, Plasma bend welding, Laser pillar welding are the other welding forms where laborers are presented to metal exhaust. The welding laborers have a high presentation of metal exhaust and the introduction relies upon place, limited space, workshop or outdoors. The metal exhaust rely upon the Aluminum as well as the procedure in question, which may create gases like acetylene, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, phosgene and tungsten. The metal exhaust fundamentally enter the human framework by inward breath course to be specific Respiration.. The statement of these breathed in metallic particles is affected by its physical and synthetic properties and an assortment of host factors. In the lungs, these particles produce an assortment of responses relying upon the fixation, length of the presentation of the particles, and level of introduction. Every single Metallic molecule more noteworthy than 10 are stored on the Mucous film in the nose and pharynx. Particles somewhere in the range of 3m and 10 m are saved all through the trachea of the lungs. Particles under 3m are saved in the alveoli and cause genuine dangers. These particles have a reasonable possibility of being conveyed into the circulatory system and cause Hepatotoxicity

How Could I Tell? - Personal Narrative Essay -- Papers

How Might I Tell? - Personal Narrative I'm apprehensive you may never have a work area work again. Bosses like more youthful individuals! They shouldn't - however they do. You should be more adaptable. The man at the joblessness office had looked humiliated. He'd even now landed his position. Age for age, obligation regarding duty. The activity was the main distinction between us.But it was a major contrast. In a manner I truly missed my work area. It was agreeable. It had been part of me for such a significant number of years. It had gotten cash - simply enough - to prop things up for just me and her. Yet, presently it was finished. Part closed,Dumped. Did I give it a second thought? For some time I minded a great deal, truly, at that point less. Step by step the me that was characterized by a work area offered path to a me that was free.The bills were late and there were monstrous scenes. To be completely forthright, I acknowledged the activity that day just to show willing. Of course the compensation was a joke - Â £10 in a day, on the off chance that I was fortunate. Be that as it may, when I was out in the outside air, by one way or another it simply didn't appear to matter any more. The world appeared to be loaded with conceivable outcomes; unexplained, unsure and just barely round the corner. The nation air felt new in my lungs, the sun shot down and my entire body shivered with expectation. I had not felt so useful for a considerable length of time. The overwhelming pack on my unfit shoulders appeared to be light as a quill. The turning nation path loosened up before me with its high fence flanking with an uproar of white foxgloves and pleasant smelling smooth honeysuckle. Tunes from shrouded winged creatures in the hedgerow swarmed the nation air, lifting me up, driving me on. Only a little nation path - yet for me it held the guarantee of new and better fates. Each step pushe... ... connect that had developed so immediately between this woman, her mountains and myself was a lot more grounded and at last overwhelming. I came to up and encasing her face between my two hands, drew her down to restore her kiss. In a little piece of my cognizance, I felt the briskness of the mountains start to return. Her breathing was shallow and gradually, with delicate delicacy, our bodies shaped together. Yet at the same time how was I to educate her concerning the job,or rather no activity. While enveloped by her warm hand with her lavender sent crawling up her body into my noses I reviewed the wrathe of the words said by the man at the unemploymet office,as they appeared to run hovers in my head. I'm apprehensive you may never have a work area work again. Managers like more youthful individuals! They shouldn't - however they do. You should be more adaptable.

LiteraryMama.com Where Writing and Motherhood Are Celebrated

LiteraryMama.com Where Writing and Motherhood Are Celebrated In 2002, a class called Writing About Motherhood was taught in Berkeley, California, and the group of mothers who participated decided to continue meeting and sharing their work. As a result, Literary Mama was born four years later.The premise behind the Motherhood-centric ezine and blog is that all mothers have a story worth sharing. The website and its staff celebrate the physical, psychological, intellectual, and spiritual processes of becoming a mother through words and images that may be so stark it hurts.As a mother of three whose day job and career involve writing, I was immediately drawn to this website and its focus on mothers who write. As any mother can tell you, taking care of children is its own full-time job. That, combined with the daily stressors that are inevitably part of the role, make clearing ones schedule and head long enough to sit down and put words on a page an often-difficult task.The ezineWith July and August being the only two months without a monthly issu e, the ezine features creative nonfiction, fiction, poetry, columns, essays about writing and/or reading as a mother, book reviews, and profiles of mother writers and artists. Each issue is available online at absolutely no cost, and features work submitted by an extensive list of contributors combined with reader-submitted work from mothers, fathers, and even from a childs point of view.Screenshot of the Literary Mama ezineThe ezine also features thought-provoking interviews with writers in the industry who have much to share about what inspires them to write while parenting. For example, the most recent issue offers a profile of Sherisa de Groot, the founding editor and editor-in-chief of Raising Mothers, an online literary magazine which highlights the writing of femme-identifying and nonbinary people of color who parent.One quote from this interview really stood out to me:I need to be able to function as a whole adult, and 96 percent of my time I am in mommy mode. The other 70 p ercent I am working on Raising Mothers. (What? Thats not 100 percent?) I use my time as best as I can each day. I did start journaling last year, but Ive also taken a break from that. I dont believe in having it all anymore. I feel that tagline was a marketing tool set up to make us feel like failures as mothers. I reject it because typically men are not held to the same standard. I live on a sliding scale. If I can get a little of most things worked on/done, Im in excellent shape. I will revisit this once my children are both school-bound, and I have more breathing room.Sherisa de GrootThe submission guidelines for the ezine are printed here if youre interested in submitting your work.The Literary Mama blogIn addition to the monthly ezine available, writers can also find an extensive blog that is updated several times a week. With calls for submission and guest posts featured in a series called After Page One, the blog is full of helpful information and publishing opportunities for women who dare to take on the challenge of motherhood and writing.After Page OneAfter Page One is the name given to a series of guest posts that are focused on motivating, inspiring and encouraging other mama writers to get started on a writing project, return to one that has been put aside, read more, have a positive attitude, and integrate their writing with motherhood. The most recent post in this series is written by Rica Lewis and discusses how she feels depleted and stuck, and unable to write. She mentions how her writing rituals are replaced by cooking rituals. In the kitchen, baking is therapy, art, a canvas for the soul, she writes. Heres the thing about baking: its a cathartic practice in which I always end up with something sweet. But when I write, I get a piece of myself. And that is both beautiful and terrifying.Calls for submissionsIn addition to the After Page One posts, there are calls for submissions full of a wide range of opportunities to publish, including calls from Literary Mama, publishers seeking submissions, and for contests with impending June, July, and August deadlines. Each entry provides details regarding word length, deadline, topic, and payment (if applicable), which is extremely convenientâ€"especially for busy moms who might not have the time for in-depth research into opportunities for publishing.Writerly roundupAnother repeating blog series is Literary Mamas Writerly Roundup blog series, which features a curated collection of articles on the craft of writing and the creative life. Think of these posts as a collection of mini-summaries of multiple longer articles, which is perfect for busy mothers who dont have the time for a lot of personal and professional development.For example, in Mays Writerly Roundup, there are short, five to seven-paragraph summaries of the following articles:Make Them Care What You Think by Nora EphronThe Hacks Guide to Finding Time to Write by Bill FerrisThe Perfect Writing Group in 5 Easy Steps by Suzanne RobertsThe Best Summer Books of 2019 by Jeva LangeThink of this blog article series as offering quick bites while getting to the meat of the original article, including important quotes and takeaways from a fellow writer who has more time than you do to stay current on published advice for writers.Been there, done thatThe Literary Mamas Been There, Done That series allows readers, contributors, and editors to share their experiences at conferences, workshops, classes, writing festivals, and residencies. For this first entry into the series, Fiction Editor Felicity Landa writes about her experience at the Los Angeles Times Festival of Books. If youve ever been curious about what goes on at these conferences and festivals, this is an excellent way to experience them vicariously through the eyes of another writer and book lover.Literary reflectionsWriters love writing prompts. In fact, theyre one of the easiest ways to tap into creativity when youre feeling particularly uninsp ired or have writers block. For each issue of Literary Mama that is published on the website, there is a Literary Reflections writing prompt opportunity, allowing readers to share their responses.There are two great things that happen if you participate in this. First, the editors of Literary Mama will provide feedback on the response you send. As any writer knows, feedback from professional writers and editors should be highly valued because it helps us perfect our craft and learn how to do things better.Second, if the editors choose your response as their favorite, your entry will be posted on their blog. This is an excellent opportunity to publish your work online and hyperlink to it on your personal author page or social media.Additionally, and perhaps best of all, the writing prompts are thought-provoking. For example, this months writing prompt is inspired by Julie Sonneks essay My Fledgling Reader.After a brief introduction to the essay, the prompt reads:Is there a book or bo oks that helped your children understand the story of your family? Was it a book that mirrored your circumstances or perhaps a book that helped your children see that there are many different kinds of families with many different, beautiful stories? Please tell us about the book and how it was helpful or inspiring.Mays Literary Reflections, Literarymama.comSubmitting your work to the Literary Mama blogIf you are a mama writer interested in submitting your work to the After Page One series, the sites editors request that the word count be between 300 and 500 words, and suggest that you consider the following questions when thinking about what to write for the post.Consider the piece(s) youve published at Literary Mama, or elsewhere. Whats changed since you published it?Comment on a quote you have near your desk. Where did you first read or hear it? What do you know about the person or the setting in which the quote was made?What was the most surprising thing youve discovered about yo urself while writing?What book(s) do you think every writer/reader/mother should read?What impact has motherhood had on your work, your writing, or your priorities?Do you have a writing routine? What do you do when you get blocked? How do you set priorities?Have you attended a writing conference or book festival? How did the event inspire or educate you?What mistakes have you made in your writing or parenting? What have you learned from them?Do you have a writing community? How do they support you? How do you support them?They also suggest that writers consider one or more of the following themes when writing: Collaboration, Practice, Cycles, Journaling, Creativity, Growth, Ritual.The combination of motherhood and writing requires practice, growth, journaling, and ritual. Photo by Jessica Rockowitz on Unsplash.Final takeawayIn the hectic rush of motherhood, its easy to place your passion for writing on the back burner. After all, the list of to dos rarely ever gets done and alone ti me is a fantasyâ€"how is it possible to find the time (and space) to write?These obstacles are why I think a website like Literary Mama is such a gem. Not only does it inspire mothers to share their stories of motherhood, but it also provides a resource for publishing opportunities, professional development, networking with other writer mamas, and content that is aimed specifically at women in this subset.Whether you are a literary mama, or you simply know one, its worth adding this site to your bookmarks folder whenever inspiration and encouragement are needed.

Essay on Peer to Peer Technology and Copyright - 6511 Words

Peer to Peer Technology and Copyright Recently, there has been a series of copyright infringement litigations against Internet businesses that are involved with unauthorized distribution of music files. The US recording industry claims to lose three million dollars per year because of piracy. A report predicted an estimated 16 percent of all US music sales, or 985 million dollars would be lost due to online piracy by 2002 (Foege, 2000; cited from McCourt Burkart, 2003) Even though this claim has to be taken with caution, as it is based on false assumption that if copyright laws were strictly enforced, audio pirates would become buyers, it is apparent that audio piracy grew to a worrisome level for the record industry. (Gayer†¦show more content†¦First, digital commodity is different from traditional commodity; it is non- depletable, its consumption is non-competitive and non-exclusive and so on. (Gallaway Kinnear, 2002). Thus, it is being argued that copyright law designed for traditional intellectual and arti stic property does not work well in digital environment. Second, we are witnessing increasing difficulties for the effective enforcement of copyright law; the outcome of the most current copyright litigation against a P2P service provider, KaZaA is said to be in doubt. Third, the scale of audio piracy is happening in such a large scale by anonymous P2P users that chasing down each copyright infringement activity looks next to impossible. Nowadays, not only whether copyright is compatible with digital environment is in doubt, but also whether effective enforcement of copyright law is possible is in question. This paper aims to look at the changes brought by technology innovations and understand meaning of them. This paper, however, does not seek an answer for the basic questions about copyright; whether it is the best to way to promote artistic and intellectual creation while serving public interest at the same time or not. Instead, I will focus on the question if effective enforcement of the law is possible in current situation, even if present copyright law is well-designed and well-balanced so that it could achieve the goal it seeks if it could be enforced effectively.Show MoreRelatedFile Sharing Should Not Be Illegal1611 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology, now incorporated into almost every aspect of life, is constantly evolving. Technology being so incorporated in daily life has caused some issues to come up in the past; one of the most controversial uses of technology is file sharing. File sharing is the exchange of files over computer networks. These files include all types o f media, software, and books. While some file sharing is legal, there are illegal downloads of copyrighted property widely available; there are intense debates aboutRead MoreThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesday in age, technology and the internet has made it very easy to find and obtain music, movies, television shows, and other media forms without having to pay a fee. In recent years, the music and movie industry, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) initiated a campaign to combat the illegal sharing and downloading of files, songs, and movies. These illegal files are usually transferred through users and peer-to-peer networks includingRead MoreShould People Be Penalized for Downloading and Unauthorized Copy of a Song or Movie806 Words   |  3 Pagesor a movie? As the era of technology has progressed, Internet advances have allowed peer-to-peer sharing between people around th e world possible. This peer-to-peer sharing has manifested the debate of copyright infringement, and many CEO’s of major Internet companies have been convicted for copyright infringement. Although peer-to-peer sharing has allowed direct access to songs, movies and TV shows, it has also had several repercussions on copyright holders. Peer-to-peer sharing websites should ceaseRead More Napster: The Copyright Battle Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesOnce upon a time a website provided free music through peer-to-peer file sharing. This was a new technology for the public for a several reasons. The price of home computers had declines dramatically and many people could now afford one. Because of the affordability, many people who had never used a computer suddenly found themselves enmeshed in the new media. Not only could people do their e-mail, do paperwork, play games and use all the different applications they now could also share their filesRead MoreThe Legal And Economic Concer ns Of Copyright Laws1689 Words   |  7 Pageswidespread illegally downloading files has become cheaper and easier than ever before. Copyright laws are broken so often the basis of them are put into question. Each new generation of musicians, writers, and artists face more difficult odds at making a living from their passion. This paper will discuss the legal and economic concerns of copyright laws. First, this paper will describe the background and history of copyright laws. Then, this paper will cover the concepts of ownership and stealing. It willRead More The P2P Piracy Prevention Act Attacks Consumers Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesConsumers Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have had a staggering growth in the past few years. Since Napster, dozens of P2P networks have been created in its imitation. Due to the growing accessibility of broadband, which increases the speed of downloads, P2P networks generate nearly 1.8 billion downloads per month. Popularity and acceptance is still continually growing. As many users see P2P software as just file sharing, entertainment industries and other big companies see it as copyright infringementRead MoreThe Digital Music Distribution Revolution1287 Words   |  5 Pagesdistribution revolution is a trend that is associated with rapid technological advancements and the introduction of computer technology. These developments have contributed to the relatively free distribution of music through various social systems like Napster that threaten to destroy the industry or interfere with the current model for generating revenue in this industry. The peer-to-peer systems have enabled the seemingly free distribution of music through computer file sharing systems or programs. TheRead MoreEssay about Battling Digital Piracy1342 Words   |  6 Pagesuploading movies, music, e-books, software, and other copyrighted content online. Piracy deprives the original creators, scientists and artists of the deserved incentives. Digital Piracy has caused the US Copyright Industry a loss of billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of jobs. To protect the copyright owners’ exclusive rights and encourage original ideas for scientific progress, digital piracy needs to be curbed with appropriate measures. Thus, this paper will discuss the problems caused by digitalRead MorePiracy, The Intellectual Property Rights Of The Recording Industry Association Of America1285 Words   |  6 Pagesmusic, without paying for it. Piracy, therefore, violates the intellectual property rights of the recording companies, together called Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The intellectual property right being violated at hand is the copyright laws that the RIAA have. The biggest problem that the RIAA has with this violation is that they believe their sales are declining because of piracy. In fact, the sales are declining, but only in the CD area. With the digital downloads becomingRead MoreIntellectual Property And Computing Technology1207 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual Property through the development of computing technology Intellectual Property refers to any original creative work manifested in a substantial form that can be protected. When an intellectual property right is mentioned, it refers to controlling the manner in which intellectual property is used, distributed or accessed. The intellectual property right is enforced by the World Intellectual Property Organization which is an organ of the United Nations. The organization holds that intellectual

Top Tips of The Blind Side Essay Topics

Top Tips of The Blind Side Essay Topics From the view of fans, football is essential as it showcases the best a community has to offer you. It really shows the struggle of Michael Oher and how he managed to get an education, a career, and a family. As stated by the feminist theory the family makes the decision to hire miss sue to tutor Michael in order to present her the opportunity to better the community. Moreover, he's got no experience playing organized football. Top Blind Side Essay Topics Choices You've got to peel her back one layer at a moment. Throughout the movie the value of being a true family is stressed. A rich woman isn't perceived as a sad and unhappy individual in regards to her private satisfaction. After Michael is utilised to the family he's an excellent asset to the loved ones and everybody liked him. The 1 night stay becomes a permanent living situation for Oher. As an example, Leigh Anne's lifestyle is wholly extravagant. Michael is extremely shy and barely speaks throughout the movie. While it may appear difficult to get started writing and thinking about satire ideas or presentation topic ideas, it is sometimes a rewarding project to complete. It follows that also this manner of writing is fun and humorous, it may also be educating and thought-provoking. This scenario is normal in American culture and it's common in Western culture to portray such conditions in television and movies. Another characteristic for leadership effectiveness that's displayed in the movie is Leigh's role for a facilitator of change. Thus, don't rush and attempt to have some fun with the procedure to create decent satire topics that you could take pride in. To put it differently, make sure to use the acceptable jargon from the discipline. The very first date is an opportunity to feel one another's personality and to learn each other's goals in life. You're definitely in the proper spot! Every time he's put in a new house, he runs away. Every time he's sent to a brand-new house, he runs away. The Blind Side Essay Topics Game Leigh Anne Tuohy spends a lot of the film attempting to help others with no hesitation regarding her own hardships. This is likewise the start of Michael's popularity. After a careful viewing of the movie, you need to discuss t he way the principal characters' perceptions impact their impression formation procedure. The character of Michael is transformed due to the white men and women. Want to Know More About the Blind Side Essay Topics? It isn't so simple to compose a how-to essay. You do not have to worry they will disturb your class. Don't forget your assignment needs to be fun! Next, Oher began to get scholarships from several colleges. Students, faculty, and advisors have to be cautious not to lower expectations solely on the grounds of disability. The education process is so complex there are all those educational research topics for college students. Sue as his own private tutor. As an example, this may include current events in the news or that are going viral. It will be quite hard to talk about a topic if there's not a humorous element that you may poke fun at. So places where you've got to be quiet like the movies aren't excellent for the very first date. Work your way by means of a reading list. Before you dive into a research topic, it's vital that you get acquainted with a number of the following advice. It can be challenging to consider about issues and topics off the peak of your head. Fortunately in this informative article, we're likely to present you with lots of topics for you to select from. Narrow your choices to a couple topics, and then brainstorm for a couple of minutes about each topic.

Substances and Mixture Free Essays

string(137) " properties are due chiefly to the electronic structure of the element, others are more closely related to properties of the nucleus, e\." A pure substance: †¢ contains atoms of only one kind. †¢ It has fixed  physical and chemical properties  like boiling point, melting point, valency, density   †¢ contains only one chemical identity, e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Substances and Mixture or any similar topic only for you Order Now one element or one compound. †¢ cannot be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means †¢ is homogeneous, ie, has uniform composition throughout the whole sample †¢ its properties are constant throughout the whole sample †¢ its properties do not depend on how it is prepared or purified †¢ has constant chemical composition Pure Substances Elements and compounds  are both examples of pure substances. Pure substances cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or mechanical means such as sifting, filtering, crystallization, distillation, etc. eg, distilling pure water (H2O) does not separate water into hydrogen and oxygen, it only produces water vapour. Pure substances display a sharp melting and boiling point. On a graph of temperature vs time, this is shown as flat line where the temperature does not change over time until all the pure substance has melted or boiled. A mixture: †¢ can be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means †¢ contain more than one chemical substance †¢ displays the properties of the pure substances making it up †¢ its composition can be varied by changing the proportion of pure substances making it up †¢ they do not have a fixed composition †¢ heterogeneous substances, ones with non-uniform composition throughout the sample, are always mixtures Mixtures Some examples of mixtures are given below: Type of Mixture |Example | |gas in gas |The atmosphere is a mixture of gases, mostly nitrogen and oxygen. | |[pic] | |liquid in liquid |Wine is a mixture of mostly ethanol and water. | |[pic] | |solid in solid |Alloys, such as brass, are made up of a mixture of metals. |[pic] | |gas in liquid |Soft drinks, such as cola, are mixtures of mainly carbon dioxide gas and water. | |[pic] | |solid in liquid |Sea Water is a mixture of salts dissolved in water. | |[pic] | |solid in gas |Smoke is mixture of tiny solid particles in atmospheric gases. | Homogeneous mixtures do not display a sharp melting point, they melt over a range of temperatures. Sharpness of the melting point is often used to determine whether a substance is pure or impure (mixture) On a temperature vs time graph there is no flat line during which the temperature remains constant over time. Instead, there will be a slope indicating that the components of the mixture are melting Mixtures can be separated into the pure substances making them up by physical or mechanical means because each pure substance retains its own properties. Separating the Components of a Mixture Most laboratory work in biology requires the use of techniques to separate the components of mixtures. This is done by exploiting some property that distinguishes the components, such as their relative †¢ size †¢ density †¢ solubility †¢ electrical charge Dialysis Dialysis is the separation of small  solute  molecules or ions (e. g. , glucose, Na+, Cl-) from macromolecules (e. g. , starch) by virtue of their differing rates of  diffusion  through a differentially permeable membrane. An example: Cellophane is perforated with tiny pores that permit ions and small molecules to pass through but exclude molecules with  molecular weights  greater than about 12,000. If we fill a piece of cellophane tubing with a mixture of starch and sugar and place it in pure water, the sugar molecules (red dots) will diffuse out into the water until equilibrium  is reached; that is, until their concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane. Because of their large size, all the starch (blue disks) will be retained within the tubing. Chromatography Chromatography is the term used for several techniques for separating the components of a mixture. Follow the links below for examples. Electrophoresis Electrophoresis uses a direct electric current to separate the components of a mixture by the differing  electrical charge. Some methods for separating the components of a mixture include: |separation technique |property used for separation |example | |Sifting (sieving) |particle size |alluvial gold is separating from smaller soil particles using a sieve | |[pic] |Visual Sorting |colour, shape or size |gold nuggets can be separated from crushed rock on the basis of colour | |[pic] | |Magnetic Attraction |magnetism |magnetic iron can be separated from non-magnetic sulfur using a magnet | |[pic] | |Decanting |density or solubility |liquid water can be poured off (decanted) insoluble sand sediment | | | |less dense oil can be poured off (decanted) more dense water | |[pic] | |Separating Funnel |density of liquids |in a separating funnel, less dense oil floats on top of more dense water, when | | | |the valve is open the water can be poured out from under the oil | |[pic] | |Filtration |solubility |insoluble calcium carbonate can be separated from soluble sodium chloride in | | | |water by filtration | |[pic] | |Evaporation |solubility and boiling point |soluble sodium chloride can be separated from water by evaporation | |[pic] | |Crystallization |solubility |slightly soluble copper sulfate can be separated from water by crystallization | |[pic] | |Distillation |boiling point |ethanol (ethyl alcohol) can be separated from water by distillation because | | | |ethanol has a lower boiling point than water | Element ? Any substance that contains only one kind of an atom ? Elements are made up of  atoms, the smallest particle that has any of the properties of the element. John Dalton, in 1803, proposed a modern theory of the atom based on the following assumptions. |1. Matter is made up of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible. | |2. All atoms of an element are identical. | |3. Atoms of different elements have different weights and different chemical properties. | |4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole numbers to form compounds. | |5. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. When a compound decomposes, the atoms are recovered unchanged | ? cannot be broken down into simpler substances ? is a chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of atoms and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element, though it can be transmitted into another element through a  nuclear reaction. ? all of the atoms in a sample of an element have the same number of protons, though they may be different  isotopes, with differing numbers of neutrons. elements can be divided into three categories that have characteristic properties: metals, nonmetals, and semimetals ? Some properties of an element can be observed only in a collection of atoms or molecules of the element. These properties include color, density, m elting point, boiling point, and thermal and electrical conductivity. ? While some of these properties are due chiefly to the electronic structure of the element, others are more closely related to properties of the nucleus, e. You read "Substances and Mixture" in category "Essay examples" g. , mass number. Compounds †¢ The relative proportions of the elements in a compound are fixed. †¢ . Two or more elements combined into one substance through a  chemical reaction form a  chemical compound. All compounds are substances, but not all substances are compounds. †¢ The components of a compound do  not  retain their individual properties. Both sodium and chlorine are poisonous; their compound, table salt (NaCl) is absolutely essential to life. †¢ Properties of compound is different from the elements that made it up †¢ The mass of the compound is determined by the mass of the elements that made it up. †¢ Compounds cannot be separated by physical means: using magnet, filtration, etc. It takes large inputs of energy to separate the components of a compound Compounds can be broken back into elements by chemical reaction, exposure to light, etc. When compounds are formed heat and light is given out or absorbed. †¢ Compounds  are homogeneous forms of matter. Their constituent  elements  (atoms and/or ions) are always present in fixed proportions (1:1 depicted here). The elements can be divided into three categories that have characteristic propert ies: 1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids Most elements are metals, which are found on the left and toward the bottom of the periodic table. A handful of nonmetals are clustered in the upper right corner of the periodic table. The semimetals can be found along the dividing line between the metals and the nonmetals Properties of an element are sometimes classed as either chemical or physical. Chemical properties are usually observed in the course of a chemical reaction, while physical properties are observed by examining a sample of the pure element. The chemical properties of an element are due to the distribution of electrons around the atom’s nucleus, particularly the outer, or valence, electrons; it is these electrons that are involved in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction does not affect the atomic nucleus; the atomic number therefore remains unchanged in a chemical reaction. Some properties of an element can be observed only in a collection of atoms or molecules of the element. These properties include color, density, melting point, boiling point, and thermal and electrical conductivity. While some of hese properties are due chiefly to the electronic structure of the element, others are more closely related to properties of the nucleus, e. g. , mass number. The elements are sometimes grouped according to their properties. One major classification of the elements is as  metals,  nonmetals, and metalloids. Elements with very similar chemical properties are often referred to as families; some families of elements include the halogens, the inert gases, and the alkali metals. In the  periodic table  the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight in such a way that the elements in any column have similar properties. Chemical properties Chemical properties of elements and compounds Atomic number  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Atomic mass  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Electronegativity according to Pauling  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Density  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Melting point  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Boiling point  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Vanderwaals radius  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ionic | |radius  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Isotopes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Electronic schell  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Energy of first ionisation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Energy of second ionisation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Standard potential | |Atomic number | | | |The atomic number indicates the number of protons within the core of an atom. The atomic number is a n important concept of chemistry and | |quantum mechanics. An element and its place within the  periodic table  are derived from this concept. |When an atom is generally electrically neutral, the atomic number will equal the number of electrons in the atom, which can be found around | |the core. These electrons mainly determine the chemical behaviour of an atom. Atoms that carry electric charges are called ions. Ions either| |have a number of electrons larger (negatively charged) or smaller (positively charged) than the atomic number. | |Atomic mass | | | |The name indicates the mass of an atom, expressed in atomic mass units (amu). Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the protons and| |neutrons contained in the nucleus. Each proton or neutron weighs about 1 amu, and thus the atomic mass in always very close to the  mass (or | |nucleon) number, which indicates the number of particles within the core of an atom; this means the protons and neutrons. Each isotope of a | |chemical element can vary in mass. The atomic mass of an isotope indicates the number of neutrons that are present within the core of the | |atoms. The total atomic mass of an element is an equivalent of the mass units of its isotopes. The relative occurrence of the isotopes in | |nature is an important factor in the determination of the overall atomic mass of an element. In reference to a certain chemical element, the| |atomic mass as shown in the periodic table is the average atomic mass of all the chemical element’s stable isotopes. The average is weighted| |by the relative natural abundances of the element’s isotopes. | |Electronegativity according to Pauling | | | |Electro negativity measures the inclination of an atom to pull the electronic cloud in its direction during chemical bonding with another | |atom. | |Pauling’s scale is a widely used method to order chemical elements according to their electro negativity. Nobel prize winner Linus Pauling | |developed this scale in 1932. | |The values of electro negativity are not calculated, based on mathematical formula or a measurement. It is more like a pragmatic range. | |Pauling gave the element with the highest possible electro negativity,  fluorine, a value of 4,0. Francium, the element with the lowest | |possible electro negativity, was given a value of 0,7. All of the remaining elements are given a value of somewhere between these two | |extremes. | |Density | | | |The density of an element indicates the number of units of mass of the element that are present in a certain volume of a medium. | |Traditionally, density is expressed through the Greek letter ro (written as r). Within the SI system of units density is expressed in | |kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). The density of an element is usually expressed graphically with temperatures and air pressures, because | |these two properties influence density. | |Melting point | | | |The melting point of an element or compound means the temperatures at which the solid form of the element or compound is at equilibrium with| |the liquid form. We usually presume the air pressure to be 1 atmosphere. | |For example: the melting point of  water  is 0  oC, or 273 K. |Boiling point | | | |The boiling point of an element or compound means the temperature at which the liquid form of an element or compound is at equilibrium with | |the gaseous form. We usually presume the air pressure to be 1 atmosphere. | |For example: the boiling point of water is 100  oC, or 373 K. | |At the boiling point the vapor pressure of an element or compound is 1 atmosphere. | |Vanderwaals radius | | | |Even when two atoms that are near one another will not bind, they will still attract one another. This phenomenon is known as the | |Vanderwaals interaction. |The Vanderwaals forces cause a force between the two atoms. This force becomes stronger, as the atoms come closer together. However, when | |the two atoms draw too near each other a rejecting force will take action, as a consequence of the exceeding rejection between the | |negatively charged electrons of both atoms. As a result, a certain distance will develop between the two atoms, which is commonly known as | |the Vanderwaals radius. | |Through comparison of Vanderwaals radiuses of several different pairs of atoms, we have developed a system of Vanderwaals radiuses, through | |which we can predict the Vanderwaals radius between two atoms, through addition. |Ionic radius | | | |Ionic radius is the radius that an ion has in an ionic crystal, where the ions are packed together to a point where their outermost | |electronic orbitals are in contact w ith each other. An orbital is the area around an atom where, according to orbital theory, the | |probability of finding an electron is the greatest. | |Isotopes | | | |The atomic number does not determine the number of neutrons in an atomic core. As a result, the number of neutrons within an atom can vary. | |Then atoms that have the same atomic number may differ in atomic mass. Atoms of the same element that differ in atomic mass are called | |isotopes. | |Mainly with the heavier atoms that have a higher atomic number, the number of neutrons within the core may exceed the number of protons. | |Isotopes of the same element are often found in nature alternately or in mixtures. | |An example: chlorine has an atomic number of 17, which basically means that all chlorine atoms contain 17 protons within their core. There | |are two isotopes. Three-quarters of the chlorine atoms found in nature contain 18 neutrons and one quarter contains 20 neutrons. The mass | |numbers of these isotopes are 17 + 18 = 35 and 17 + 20 = 37. The isotopes are written as follows: 35Cl and 37Cl. |When isotopes are noted this way the number of protons and neutrons does not have to be mentioned separately, because the symbol | |of  chlorine  within the periodic chart (Cl) is set on the seventeenth place. This already indicates the number of protons, so that one can | |always calculate the number of neutrons easily by means of the mass number. | | | |A great number of isotopes is not stable. They will fall apart during radioactive decay processes. Isotopes that are radioactive are called | |radioisotopes. | |Electronic shell | | | |The electronic configuration of an atom is a description of the arrangement of electrons in circles around the core. These circles are not | |exactly round; they contain a wave-like pattern. For each circle the probability of an electron to be present on a certain location is | |described by a mathematic formula. Each one of the circles has a certain level of energy, compared to the core. Commonly the energy levels | |of electrons are higher when they are further away from the core, but because of their charges, electrons can also influence each another’s | |energy levels. Usually the middle circles are filled up first, but there may be exceptions due to rejections. | |The circles are divided up in shells and sub shells, which can be numbered by means of quantities. |Energy of first ionisation | | | |The ionisation energy means the energy that is required to make a free atom or molecule lose an electron in a vacuum. In other words; the | |energy of ionisation is a measure for the strength of electron bonds to molecules. This concerns only the electrons in the outer circle. | |Energy of sec ond ionisation | | | |Besides the energy of the first ionisation, which indicates how difficult it is to remove the first electron from an atom, there is also an | |energy measure for second ionisation. This energy of second ionisation indicates the degree of difficulty to remove the second atom. | | |As such, there is also the energy of a third ionisation, and sometimes even the energy of a fourth or fifth ionisation. | |Standard potential | | | |The standard potential means the potential of a redox reaction, when it is at equilibrium, in relation to zero. When the standard potential | |exceeds zero, we are dealing with an oxidation reaction. When the standard potential is below zero, we are dealing with a reduction | |reaction. The standard potenti | How to cite Substances and Mixture, Essay examples

Qualitative vs Quantitative Analysis free essay sample

Qualitative vs Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis: Richness and Precision The aim of qualitative analysis is a complete, detailed description. No attempt is made to assign frequencies to the linguistic features which are identified in the data, and rare phenomena receives (or should receive) the same amount of attention as more frequent phenomena. Qualitative analysis allows for fine distinctions to be drawn because it is not necessary to shoehorn the data into a finite number of classifications. Ambiguities, which are inherent in human language, can be ecognised in the analysis. For example, the word red could be used to signify the colour red, or as a political cateogorisation (e. g. socialism or communism). In a qualitative analysis both senses of red in the phrase the red flag could be recognised. The main disadvantage of qualitative approaches is that their findings can not be extended to wider populations with the same degree of certainty that quantitative analyses can. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative vs Quantitative Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is because the findings of the research are not tested to discover whether they are statistically significant or due to chance. Quantitative nalysis: Statistically reliable and generalisable results In quantitative research we classify features, count them, and even construct more complex statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. Findings can be generalised to a larger population, and direct comparisons can be made between two corpora, so long as valid sampling and significance techniques have been used. Thus, quantitative analysis allows us to discover which phenomena are likely to be genuine reflections of the behaviour of a language or variety, and which are merely chance occurrences. The more basic task of Just looking at a single language variety allows one to get a precise picture of the frequency and rarity of particular phenomena, and thus their relative normality or abnormality. However, the picture of the data which emerges from quantitative analysis is less rich than that obtained from qualitative analysis. For statistical purposes, classifications have to be of the hard-and-fast (so-called Aristotelian type). An item either belongs to class x or it doesnt. So in the above example about the phrase the red flag we would have to decide whether to classify red as politics or colour. As can be seen, many linguistic terms and phenomena do not therefore belong to simple, single categories: rather they are more consistent with the recent notion of fuzzy sets as in the red example. Quantatitive analysis is therefore an idealisation of the data in some cases. Also, quantatitve analysis tends to sideline rare occurences. To ensure that certain statistical tests (such as chi- squared) provide reliable results, it is essential that minimum frequencies are obtained meaning that categories may have to be collapsed into one another resulting in a loss of data richness.